Jean Charlot (1898–1979) was a French-born Mexican painter, illustrator, and art historian whose contributions to Mexican muralism were pivotal, particularly in bridging European and Mexican artistic traditions. Born in Paris, Charlot was trained in classical art before relocating to Mexico in 1921, where he became deeply influenced by pre-Hispanic and Indigenous artistic expressions. He was one of the earliest foreign artists to engage with the Mexican muralist movement, working alongside Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros.

Charlot played a crucial role in documenting and disseminating the achievements of the muralist movement, writing extensively on its historical and artistic significance. His own murals often depicted Indigenous themes, workers, and the cultural heritage of Mexico, reflecting a profound admiration for the country's past. Though not directly associated with esoteric movements, his work displayed a deep engagement with historical narratives, mythology, and the revalorization of Indigenous identity.

Beyond Mexico, Charlot extended his artistic influence to the United States, where he worked on murals and taught at various institutions, leaving a lasting impact on American modernist art. His scholarship and artistic practice were instrumental in shaping the perception of Mexican art on a global scale.